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Guillem de Masdovelles
Guillem de Masdovelles ((:ɡiˈʎɛm də məzðuˈβeʎəs); fl. 1389–1438) was a Catalan soldier, courtier, politician, and poet.〔Martín de Riquer (1964), ''Història de la Literatura Catalana'', vol. 1 (Barcelona: Edicions Ariel), provides lengthy discussion of both the biographical details of his life and of his literary works.〕 His family came from the Penedès, but he was active in Barcelona, where he became a civic leader. His fifteen poems are preserved alongside the work of his nephew, Joan Berenguer, in a chansonnier compiled by Joan around 1470, the Cançoner dels Masdovelles. Guillem exchanged some poetry with his nephew, who also translated some of Guillem's Occitan pieces into the Catalan language.〔Guillem is one of the last completely Occitan poets of Catalonia. His work, both thematically and linguistically, is the Occitan of the troubadours. Consequently, when his nephew compiled the family chansonnier, he had to translate Guillem's work from ''llemoví'' (i.e. ''llemosí'' or Limousin) as he called it to Catalan. These translations are very important to the study of the history of the Occitan and Catalan languages (Riquer, 689–90).〕 Guillem also participated in at least three public poetry contests.
==Military career and ''sirventes''==
Guillem is first attested in 1389, when he wrote a ''sirventesch'' during the ''guerra dels armanyaguesos'', war against the Armagnacs. He dedicated the piece to Ramon d'Abella, commander of the cavalry company with which he was fighting at the time. Late in 1389 the count of Armagnac, John III, invaded northern Catalonia from across the Pyrenees in an attempt to seize the Kingdom of Majorca, which he claimed. Guillem wrote his ''sirventes'' before actual fighting had begun. His company was active in the area around Torroella de Montgrí and Palafrugell.〔According to Gerónimo Zurita, ''Anales'', X, 44.〕 John III's second son, Bernard VII, already Count of Charolais, ''de Xerolès lo comte'' in Guillem's words, led a regiment of Armagnac knights into Catalonia, and it is rumours of these that Guillem is writing of in his first stanza. Guillem puts word into the mouth of the bellicose count of Charolais in an attempt to stir up his own Catalans' martial fervour.
After the war against Armagnac, Guillem entered the service of Martin, Duke of Montblanc, who had campaigned against Armagnac and was now fighting in Sicily on behalf of his son, Martin I of Sicily, against whom there was an uprising. Guillem was in Sicily early in 1394, when Martin the elder charged him with composing a ''sirventes'' while they, the Martins, were besieging Catania.〔The rubric that accompanies the ''sirventes'' reads: ''Lo sirventesch davall scrit féu lo dit En Guillem de Masdovelles al siti de Catània, per manament del duch de Montblanch, l'infant don Martí, qui aprés fonch rey d'Aragó'', "the ''sirventes'' here was written by the aforesaid Lord Guillem de Masdovelles at the siege of Catania, by order of the duke of Montblanch, the ''infnate'' don Martin, who afterwards became king of Aragon."〕 The date of this poem was thought to be 1393, when the two Martins were besieged in Catania, but the language of the poem makes clear that they were the besiegers. The ''sirventes'' was designed as propaganda to recruit more troops in Catalonia. The result was probably the expedition led by Roger de Montcada, and including Pere Maça, later in 1394 and not, as one supposed, the expedition of October 1393 by Bernat de Cabrera or that of December under John I of Aragon. The ''sirventes'', ferocious and sanguine, which dreams of exterminating the rebellious Sicilians, is written, according to its authos, ''en la guaya siença'', in the "gay science" espoused by the Consistori.
Guillem de Masdovelles is documented as a participant in the war between Ferdinand I and James II of Urgell in 1413 on the side of Ferdinand. Thereafter he resided in Barcelona, where he held several public offices. He frequently spent time in Vilafranca del Penedès.
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